Features of Each Expression System

Features-of-Each-Expression-System

It is one of the hot spots of biotechnology research to produce valuable exogenous proteins by gene recombination technology. Microorganisms, plants, animals, insects and yeasts can be used as protein expression hosts. At present, recombinant protein expression technology mainly relies on (1) mammalian cell expression system; (2) insect cell expression system; (3) yeast expression system; (4) plant cell expression system; (5) bacterial expression system; (6) algal cell expression system; (7) cell-free expression system. According to the structure, yield, solubility, stability and molecular weight of the target protein, different expression systems can be selected to complete protein production.

Features and Limitations of Each Expression System

Expression system	Application	Advantage	Limitation
Mammalian	Protein structure analysis Protein function analysis Antibody production Expression of complex proteins Protein interaction Virus generation	The highest level of protein processing Protein can be produced by transient or stable expression Reliable optimized instantaneous system can realize fast and ultra-high protein production	High yield can be achieved only in suspension culture Rigorous training conditions
Baculovirus (insect cell)	Protein structure analysis Protein function analysis Intracellular protein expression Protein complex expression Virus generation	Similar to mammalian protein processing Post-translational modification can be completed It can be used for static or suspension culture It is harmless to non-arthropods The expression system has strong plasticity and a large capacity	The culture condition is more severe than that of the prokaryotic system It is time-consuming to generate recombinant baculovirus vector
Yeast	Protein structure analysis Antibody production Protein function analysis Protein interaction analysis	Eukaryotic protein processing It can realize large-scale fermentation Simple medium requirements	Fermentation is needed to get a higher yield Training conditions need to be optimized
Bacterial	Protein structure analysis Antibody production Protein function analysis Protein interaction analysis	Scalable scale low cost The cultivation conditions are simple	Affected by protein solubility Protein specific optimization may be required It is difficult to express some mammalian proteins
Algal	Study of photosynthesis, plant biology, lipid metabolism Genetic engineering Biofuel production	Gene modification and expression system for photosynthetic algae It is suitable for the production of biofuels, nutritional products and special chemicals Optimization system can achieve stable screening and expression	New technology Compared with other host platforms, the degree of development is low
Plant	High volume and rapid vaccine production Antibody production Medical protein production	High activity recombinant protein with correct structure and conformation can be formed High biosafety, high expression, economical and practical Low cost on separation and purification The protein products can be stored in seeds, fruits and other parts	Low infection rate and efficiency of transient expression system Difficulty on protein extraction and purification
Cell-free	Toxic protein Integration of unnatural markers or amino acids Protein function analysis Protein interaction analysis Screening of translation inhibitors	Open system, able to add non-natural components It can realize fast expression Easy to operate	The cost of scaling up to the milligram scale may be higher

System Comparison *

Features-of-Each-Expression-System

* Due to the lack of data, the comparison table does not include cell-free and algal expression systems.

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